Common chimps are either group A or O, and the A antigen of their red cells differs from those in human red cells.Pygmy chimpanzees show few individual differences in their blood groups (unlike P.The only other animals with some form of VEN cells are whales, dolphins, and elephants, all animals with large brains and highly evolved social awareness, including empathy.Neither gorillas nor chimpanzees have a VEN brain cell organized in clusters like those of humans and bonobos.VENs help regulate complex social interactions requiring knowledge of other individuals' mental state.Bonobos share with humans a similar pattern of distribution of brain neuron cells called VENS (also called spindle cells or Von Economo Neurons).Of all the great apes, bonobos are the most human-like in their leg length.Bonobos are quite similar in overall body size, cranial capacity, and lower limb length to an ancestral hominid, nicknamed Lucy, who lived some 3 million years ago in Africa.More body weight (heavier muscles) in lower legs of bonobos.More centrally positioned opening in skull for spinal cord (foramen magnum).Compared to chimpanzees, bonobos have body characteristics that are better for bipedal or upright posture: (Myers Thompson 2002).Bonobos have shorter upper limbs and longer lower limbs (Zihlmann 1996).In overall size, bonobos are not smaller than chimpanzees (most anatomical measurements overlap) but there are differences in proportion:.Nostrils are "thick-walled" and more gorilla-like.Lips are lighter, often reddish colored.Chimps' ears stand out more from the head.Ears smaller and almost completely covered by cheek whiskers.More slender build, narrower chest, bone and muscle of lower limbs is heavier.Head is more rounded, with smaller ridges above eyes, less developed muzzle, less jaw protrusion.Brow ridges and facial bone structure are less pronounced.Baldness does occur, although "perhaps later in life" than in other chimpanzees. Hair on top of head appears to be parted down the middle.Many adults retain the white rump tuft common to infants.
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